Debtonation: The Global Financial Crisis » Foreclosure

What a financial tailspin may mean for you and me

Georgia Lee — Mon, 22 Aug 2011 14:20:48 +0000

Wall Street plummeted as concerns over European debt and the US economic downturn spurred a broad sell-off. Photograph: Shen Hong/Xinhua Press/Corbis

Read my article from Guardian Cif, Friday 19th August:

As bank shares and stock markets plummet, and investors flock to the safety of government bonds; as obstinate EU leaders crucify their countries in a futile struggle to defend today’s equivalent of the gold standard; as British and American politicians adopt austerity policies and drive their economies closer to the cliffs of depression; and as most professional economists stand aloof from the escalating crisis – what lies ahead for ordinary punters like you and me?

First, let’s take look at the big political picture. This crisis is already sharpening the divide between left and right in both the EU and the United States. Studying a precedent – the implosion of the 1920s credit bubble in 1929 – we note that four years after that crisis erupted, the political divide sharpened decisively. The United States and Britain moved to the left. Germany chose a different path. After 1930, Germany’s Centre party under Chancellor Brüning adopted austerity policies that resulted in cuts in welfare benefits and wages, while credit was tightened. At the same time the German government engaged in wildly excessive borrowing from the liberalised international capital markets. The ground was laid for the rise of fascism.

Four years after the “debtonation” of August 2007, our political classes in both the EU and the US have consciously declined to restrain out-of-control finance sectors or to fix broken, effectively insolvent banks. Instead, central bankers deployed taxpayer-backed resources (quantitative easing) to finance, guarantee and bail out bankers who then went on a wild, speculative spending spree.

At the same time, politicians imposed austerity on the more socially useful and productive sectors of the economy, both public and private. In both the EU and US these economic strategies have angered the populace and emboldened the right; in particular the far right. Looking ahead through the political lenses of austerity, street rioting and Tea Party obstructionism, the signs are ominous.

And then there is the impact on our own living standards. For comparisons and precedent, we need only look at Japan. Our politicians and central bankers have not learned from Japan’s crisis, which preceded our own. We are, therefore, destined to follow Japan’s disastrous record of lost decades of economic activity. As in Japan, so here: a broken banking system, crushed by the weight of unpayable debts on its balance sheet, fails to lend to businesses at affordable rates. Pretty soon this constrains investment. First-time buyers can’t get affordable loans or overdrafts, placing downward pressure on property prices.

A fall in investment is compounded by government policies for austerity – rises in VAT, and cuts in public spending. These policies trigger a rise in unemployment. Rising unemployment causes people to snap their purses shut, placing even further downward pressure on prices, profits, wages and employment. The downward spiral is then hard to arrest.

Property prices across Japan have continued to slide uninterrupted for nearly two decades. Hard though it may be for us to accept, it is not impossible to imagine UK property prices falling for the next two decades.

Just as here, Japan’s politicians and central bankers exaggerated the risks of inflation, reflecting the concerns of bankers and creditors – who fear inflation will erode the value of their outstanding loans. And so they were slow to a) use monetary policy to help the broader economy recover, and b) to restructure banks. The primary Keynesian tools for reversing the Great Depression were an aggressive monetary policy combined with extensive restructuring of the banking system.

While Keynes is largely defined (by his enemies) as a fiscal activist, he was first and foremost a monetary economist. In other words, he believed that if governments and central bankers would only fix the money system – by lowering rates of interest for all borrowers (not just the banks); by injecting QE into productive, socially useful projects; and by restructuring the banking system – the rest of the economy could be helped to recover.

Because our politicians and central bankers have so firmly rejected these lessons, prospects don’t look good for us at all. Instead, we would do well to echo Frank Zappa’s realism: “I mean to say that every day/Is just another rotten mess/And when it’s gonna change, my friend/Is anybody’s guess.”

Is the banking system broke, as well as broken?

Ann — Thu, 12 May 2011 09:31:58 +0000

Much of the news of the last few weeks -

the financialised commodities mania;
the disgraceful abuse by the banks of payment protection insurance;
the mortgage fraud which led US banks to rush through foreclosures without proper process and evict people from their homes;and their decision reported in the WSJ to offer a miserly $5 billion to settle claims by federal and state officials of these fraudulent mortgage-servicing practices;
HSBC’s quarterly fall in profits,
HSBC’s threat announced today to cut thousands of jobs

… can be explained by the need for banks to urgently raise money to fix their balance sheets. Unfortunately their activities are akin to the little Dutch boy with his finger in the dyke. Just as they raise funds from e.g. commodity speculation to shore up balance sheets, those funds may be drained from some other part of the bank by e.g. a rise in mortgage defaults or company bankruptcies as economic activity stalls, house prices fall, foreclosures are held up by legal arguments, and the over-borrowed fail to repay.

This explains why the banking system may be broke, as well as broken.

It is a system almost beyond repair – despite a massive injection of public funds; government guarantees – and the largesse of central bank loans made available to bankers at negative rates of interest.

As I wrote in a blog for the Huffington Post in October last year – banking has been turned on its head, and the system, bizarrely, has become a borrowing, not a lending machine. No-one, not politicians, not regulators, not central bankers, least of all bankers themselves – appears prepared, or has the political will and the guts – to fix it.

After the 1970s, the banking system began burying economies in debt. Large amounts became unpayable in 2007, and the system imploded. Those banks that survived, were bailed out and propped up by taxpayers, but were nevertheless severely impaired. The damage will not be fixed until unpayable debts are finally written off/cleared out/’re-structured’/acknowledged; until unpayable mortgages are written off.

Above all, the damage will not be fixed until governments implement policies that stimulate economic activity, so that companies can hire workers, and generate income for both themselves and their employees. This in turn,will generate income for banks.

Whatever happens policy-makers will have to face the reality that the banking system is going to face huge losses. This implies more bank bankruptcies – if that is not a tautology. And bankruptcies imply further nationalisation of the private banking system.

Because of the failure to face the reality of unpayable debts; because policy-makers seem unable to implement policies that would create jobs, and with it the income to repay debts, and help the housing market recover – because of these failures, the banking system continues to bleed.

And this helps explain why recovery – around the world – is halting. Why it can’t take off. Why there is still, in the words of Bill Bonner at the Daily Reckoning.…” a Great Correction. Much remains to be corrected.”

Bonner has an interesting tale, quoted from Bloomberg, which explains a great deal:

May 6 (Bloomberg) – Melissa White and her husband stopped paying their mortgage in May 2008 after it reset to $3,200 a month, more than double the original rate. That gave them extra cash to pay off debts and spend on staples until their Las Vegas home sold two years later for less than they owed.

“We didn’t pay it for about 24 months,” said White, who quit her job as a beautician during that period after becoming pregnant with her first child and experiencing medical complications. “What we had, we could put towards food and the truck payments and insurance and health things I was dealing with.”

Millions of Americans have more money to spend since they fell delinquent on their mortgages amid the worst housing collapse since the Great Depression. They are staying in their homes for free about a year and a half on average, buying time to restructure their finances and providing an unexpected support for consumer spending, which makes up about 70 percent of the economy.

So-called “squatter’s rent,” or the increase to income from withheld mortgage payments, will be an estimated $50 billion this year, according to Michael Feroli, chief US economist at JPMorgan Chase & Co. in New York.

That’s $50 billion lost to the banking system.

Faux optimism & flawed economics

Ann — Thu, 03 Dec 2009 03:35:14 +0000

December 1st, 2009

There was much huffing and puffing by the cheerleaders for premature economic recovery when the Office for National Statistics revealed that the UK was still in recession last week. These same ‘pied pipers’ tried to discredit the ONS’s previous factual announcements. Now the CBI has reported an ‘unexpected’ dip in sales in the service sector and then there was a ‘surprise’ dip in manufacturing during November.

No surprise to those of us living in the real world – with no vested interest in talking up stocks and shares.

And no surprise to those of us watching thousands of jobs disappear as companies as varied as Borders, First Quench (Threshers and other drinks outlets) and General Motors in Luton – cut back, or close down.

And no surprise to the millions of workers whose compensation has fallen for five straight quarters on an annual basis. I am grateful to Graham Turner of GFC Economics for the chart below – and strongly recommend his latest book ‘No Way to Run an Economy’

No way to run an economy

admin — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 01:25:33 +0000

Ann Pettifor: September 24, 2009

As world leaders meet in Pittsburgh and then Istanbul (for the World Bank and IMF meetings) expect much self-congratulation and back-slapping for having got the world through the post-Lehman crisis.

But behind the cacophony of self-praise, watch out for three alarms flashing red:

The escalating foreclosure and rising mortgage delinquency rates in the US
The dramatic contraction of credit in the US over the summer – putting paid to any hope of the US acting as the ‘engine’ of a global recovery
That big accident waiting to happen to the European economies –Spain

With the help of a great new book – about to be published in the US – let’s take a look at why there is no room for complacency.

“No way to run an economy” (Pluto Press, 2009) is by a man whose research and analyses I have come to respect and rely upon – Graham Turner of GFC economics. While the book is full of solid facts and data – it is eminently readable for those prepared to unleash their inner wonk.

Turner lived and worked in Japan through the last twenty years of debt-deflation – and now looks at the US and European economies through the prism of that prolonged deflationary crisis. And it’s not a pretty sight.

He first takes a close look at the Bernanke/Geithner/Summers strategy for reflating the US economy. There are, or at least were, five planks to this strategy – lower interest rates, the Public Private Investment Program (remember that?); mortgage modification; fiscal expansion and ‘stress tests’.

While free money and fiscal expansion, Turner argues, may have helped the Dow move up – it’s not reflating the economy. On the contrary, debt-driven deflation is the order of the day – reflected in debt defaults, falling house prices, rising foreclosures and mortgage delinquencies. But stabilising the housing market is key to bank solvency, to generating employment and to kick-starting a full recovery.

All the signs are that despite their massive collective brain power the Bernanke/Geithner/ Summers strategy will not give President Obama and the Democratic Party the sound economic recovery needed to win over the electorate in 2010.

So self-congratulation should be put on hold for a while…..

What of the Europeans? They will be at Pittsburgh to boast of imminent recovery, and to contrast their economies with Anglo-American economies. They will imply that in Euroland policy-makers were more cautious about lending, and that their economies are therefore less prone to Anglo-American-style bubbles.

That might be plausible – if it were not for Spain, Ireland, Eastern Europe and the European Central Bank (ECB).

For if the Federal Reserve has blundered – and it has – the governor of the ECB is guilty of criminal inaction and continued complacency. Indeed at the height of the crisis – in July, 2008 – the ECB actually raised interest rates! Consider one of the most disastrous impacts of that massive strategic miscalculation: the growing debt-deflationary crises in Spain, Ireland and Eastern Europe.

Of these the crisis in Spain is the most alarming. Just as in the US, real interest rates are still high – despite recent, belated cuts by the ECB – and remain well above falling and negative prices and wages. According to Variant Perception the Spanish real estate crash is worse than widely believed; banks are hiding their losses, and while Forbes magazine might argue that “Spanish banks are in Top Form” – that may be because Forbes has not looked closely at their balance sheets. Spanish banks are hiding their losses, it is alleged – by sophisticated accounting tricks, by not marking loans to market (i.e. valuing them higher than the market would) and by lending to what Variant call ‘zombie companies’ – mostly in the construction sector.

Sound familiar? Could this be happening in other parts of the global financial forest?

Spain, like the US is experiencing deflation. Prices have been falling for three months in a row. At the same time – and just as in the US – unemployment is still rising – heading towards a socially and politically disruptive 25% .

It’s worse in much of the rest of the European periphery. Prices in Ireland are falling at an annual rate of 5.9% – the highest deflation rate in the world.

The big losers will not just be the poor and middle classes of these countries: deflation will have ‘broad ramifications across the European banking sector’.

Why? Because countries on the periphery are net debtors, and the rest of Europe – including France and Germany – are net creditors. When the debtors stop paying their creditors – then Germany, France and other members of the European Union will face huge losses. On top of that they will need to re-capitalise Spain and the periphery economies – costly to their taxpayers.

When that crisis comes, Mrs Merkel may well have survived a German election campaign. But other G-20 leaders will not be so lucky.

Their management of the global economy and their legitimacy will have been severely tested – this time by voters.